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Primary Sources in Research
What are Primary Sources?
Primary Sources Online |
The World |
The United States
Repositories and Archives
What is a Primary Source?
A primary source records or documents events as seen or experienced
directly by witnesses or persons involved in those events.
For more detailed explanations with examples:
What are Primary Sources? (great site!) From UC Berkeley Library
Using Primary Sources on the Web
(also excellent!)
From the Reference & User Services Association
What are Primary Resources?
from the UCLA Institute
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Primary Source Databases subscribed to by the K Library
For off campus to these databases, see
Off Campus Access
Accessible Archives Primary Sources < about > American Primary Source materials and periodicals from the 18th and 19th centuries
American Antiquarian Society Historical Periodicals < about > American magazines and Journals from the 19th century. The Library subscribes to Series 3 (1838-1852) and Series 5 (1866-1877)
Godey's Lady's Book (1830-1845)
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Kalamazoo Gazette Historical
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Full-text coverage of the weekly and daily versions of the Kalamazoo Gazette, 1837-1922.
Women and Social Movements in the United States, 1600-2000
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Harper's Weekly (1857-1889)
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New York Times (1851 to 3 years ago)
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Salem History Online
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Older Popular Magazines in owned by the K Library - links go to the magazine's record in Ariadne
The Atlantic, 1932 -
Atlantic Monthly, 1857-1932
Century (title changes - Century Magazine, Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine) 1882-1930
Christian Century, 1923 -
Current History 1919-
Harper’s Magazine, 1913 -
Harper’s Monthly Magazine, 1900-1913
Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, 1850-1900
Life, 1936 -
The Nation, 1905 -
The National geographic magazine, 1889- present
Newsweek, 1947-
The New Yorker, 1936 -
Saturday Review, 1929 -
Scribner’s, 1887-1939
Time, 1930 -
US News & World Report, 1948-
Primary Sources Online
The World
OAIster
Search engine for archives of digital resources, many primary
sources, including online books and journals, audio files
(e.g., wav, mp3), images (e.g., tiff, gif), movies (e.g.,
mpeg, quicktime), reference texts (e.g., dictionaries, directories), etc..
AHA Archives Wiki:
sponsored by the American Historical Association, this site
is intended to be a clearinghouse of information about archival
print and online collections throughout the world.
EuroDocs:
Online Sources for European History Selected Transcriptions, Facsimiles and Translations
http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Main_Page
EuroDocs Creator: Richard Hacken, European Studies Bibliographer, Brigham Young University,
Site includes:
Collect Britain
from the British Library.
90,000 images and sounds from the British Library.
Compact Memory
A free online archive of full text German-language Jewish periodicals (1806-1938).
Dartmouth Archive
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~djsa/index.php
The Dartmouth Jewish Sound Archive is a
repository of sound recordings for researchers and students.
The Archive database includes recordings, some of them rare,
dating back as far as 1904, sound files, graphics of record covers
and labels, and details of the recordings and their contents.
Please note, this is not a free music download site. If you are not
a student at Dartmouth College or at Hebrew College, you will need
to register and demonstrate a legitimate scholarly or research purpose.
User accounts are good for 6 months and can be renewed if needed.
Jewish News Archive
from JTA - Jewish Telegraphic Agency
"Founded in 1917 to be a voice of and for the Jewish people at a time when news of what was happening to the Jews of Europe and Russia was hard to come by, JTA has been a primary source of English-language Jewish news on everything from Hitler’s rise -- the first JTA report about Hitler was printed on Jan. 30, 1923 -- to the struggle to free Soviet Jewry, the founding of Israel and the long arc of 20th-century American Jewish history."
The Digital Scriptorium
an image database of medieval and renaissance manuscripts that
unites scattered resources from many institutions.
Flickr Commons -
List of Participating Institutions
"The key goals of The Commons on Flickr are to firstly show you hidden treasures in the world's public photography archives, and secondly to show how your input and knowledge can help make these collections even richer."
Historic Photo Collections
Links to photo collections Worldwide from AcademicInfo
http://www.academicinfo.us/artphotohist.html
Humanities Text Initiative
from the University of Michigan
(title list)
Internet Library of Early Journals
http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/ilej/
A joint project of the Universities of Birmingham, Leeds,
Manchester and Oxford to digitize substantial runs of
18th and 19th century journals.
Pamphlets and Periodicals of the French Revolution of 1848
from The Center for Research Libraries, the University of Chicago Library,
and the ARTFL Project
Perseus Digital Library
Primary sources from the Classical World, from Tufts University
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/
Renascence Editions
Online Repository of Works Printed in English Between the Years 1477 and 1799
These publications are provided for nonprofit purposes only by
The University of Oregon.
Shakespeare's Life and Times
http://shakespeare.palomar.edu/life.htm
By Terry A Gray. This is copyrighted material, and you
may not duplicate the original materials or their html renderings
without permission. These materials may not be used in a for profit venture.
Texts in Context
Primary texts from the British Library
World History Sources links to primary sources orgainzed by region and time period.
http://chnm.gmu.edu/worldhistorysources/whmfinding.php
from George Mason University
World Digital Library
http://www.wdl.org/en/
The World Digital Library (WDL) makes available on the Internet,
free of charge and in multilingual format, significant primary materials from
countries and cultures around the world. From UNESCO
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United States History
Primary Source Databases subscribed to by the K Library
For off campus to these databases, see
Off Campus Access
Accessible Archives Primary Sources < about > American Primary Source materials and periodicals from the 18th and 19th centuries
American Antiquarian Society Historical Periodicals < about > American magazines and Journals from the 19th century. The Library subscribes to Series 3 (1838-1852) and Series 5 (1866-1877)
Godey's Lady's Book (1830-1845)
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Women and Social Movements in the United States, 1600-2000
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Harper's Weekly (1857-1889)
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Kalamazoo Gazette Historical
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Full-text coverage of the weekly and daily versions of the Kalamazoo Gazette, 1837-1922.
New York Times (1851 to 3 years ago)
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Salem History Online <
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Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Periodicals Online
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers
from the Library of Congress
newspaper pages from 1900 to 1910 from the following states:
California, District of Columbia, Florida, Kentucky, New York, Utah, and Virginia.
Home Economics Archive: Research, Tradition and History
(HEARTH)
from Cornell University
The Nineteenth Century in Print
from the Library of Congress
This collection presents twenty-three popular periodicals digitized by
Cornell University Library and the Preservation Reformatting Division
of the Library of Congress.
Northern New York Historical Newspapers
provided by the Northern New York Library Network
The online collection currently consists of more than 920,000 pages
from 27 newspapers.
Online Serials
from John Mark Ockerbloom at the University of Pennsylvania.
Primary Sources Web Sites
American Memory:
http://memory.loc.gov/
Historical Collections for the National Digital Library From the Library of Congress.
Topics include Agriculture, Art and Architecture, Business
and Economics, Transportation, Communication, Education, Geography,
History, Languages and Literature, Performing Arts, Philosophy
and Religion, Political Science and Law, Recreation and Sports,
Social Sciences, Technology and Applied Sciences, Photography,
and Motion Pictures.
All collections listed here:
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/browse/ListAll.php
Abraham Lincoln Historical Digitization Project
http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/
From Northern Illinois University. Lincoln/Net presents historical materials
from Abraham Lincoln's Illinois years (1830-1861), including Lincoln's writings
and speeches, as well as other materials illuminating antebellum Illinois.
Ad*Access
A collection of images from over 7,000 advertisements printed in U.S.
and Canadian newspapers and magazines from 1911 through 1955.
Subject areas include: radio, television, transportation,
beauty and hygiene and World War I
adflip -
print advertisments from the 1940's to the present
http://www.adflip.com/index.php
You can look at a decent sized image of most ads.
Full access requires subscription.
AdViews: A Digital Archive of Vintage Television Commercials
http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/adviews/
AdViews is a digital archive of thousands of vintage
television commercials dating from the 1950s to the 1980s.
America in Caricature 1765-1865
http://www.indiana.edu/~liblilly/cartoon/cartoons.html
online exhibition from the Lilly Library,
Indiana University's rare book and manuscript library
The American Experience
American history series from PBS
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/
American Hypertexts
from the University of Virginia
American Jewish Committee Archives
Includes oral histories, historic films and TV shows, radio
programs, and the American Jewis Year Book, 1899-present.
American Journeys
Eyewitness accounts of early American exploration and settlement,
from the Wisconsin Historical Society
http://www.americanjourneys.org/
American Rhetoric
Index to and growing database of 5000+ full text, audio and video (streaming)
versions of public speeches, sermons, legal proceedings, lectures, debates,
interviews, other recorded media events, and a declaration or two.
AMDOCS: Documents for the Study of American History
http://www.vlib.us/amdocsl
Full text of primary source documents in American History, from 1400 through 2000.
The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy
http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/avalon.htm
A Biography of America
by Annenberg/CPB
http://www.learner.org/biographyofamerica/
Calisphere
http://www.calisphere.universityofcalifornia.edu/
Calisphere is the University of California's free public gateway
to a world of primary sources. More than 150,000 digitized items
— including photographs, documents, newspaper pages, political cartoons,
works of art, diaries, transcribed oral histories, advertising,
and other unique cultural artifacts — reveal the diverse history
and culture of California and its role in national and world history.
CARLI Digital Collections
- a wide variety of primary documents and images
http://collections.carli.illinois.edu/index.php
established in 2006 as a repository for digital content created
by member libraries of the
Consortium of Academic and Research Libraries in Illinois (CARLI)
or purchased by the consortium for use by its members.
CARLI Digital Collections uses the CONTENTdm digital asset management tool to describe
and deliver digital representations of myriad special collections including printed
and manuscript materials, images, and sound recordings.
Century of Progress 1933-34 World's Fair Collection
from the University of Chicago Library
Daguerreian Society Image Galleries
http://daguerre.org/gallindex.php
Many online images of Daguerreotypes.
Daguerreotypes at Harvard
http://preserve.harvard.edu/daguerreotypes/
Harvard's extensive photographic holdings include more than 3,500 daguerreotypes,
gathered together in this online collection.
Harvard's daguerreotypes include some of the
earliest successful photographs of the moon, views of the
first operations using ether as an anesthetic, rare portraits
of African-born slaves, and Harvard's earliest photographic
class albums. Portraits include Horatio Alger, Ralph Waldo Emerson,
Henry James, Jenny Lind, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and James McNeill Whistler.
The collections represent the work of pioneering daguerreotypists
Mathew Brady, Albert Sands Southworth and Josiah Johnson Hawes,
John Adams Whipple, and others.
Documenting the American South
from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
http://docsouth.unc.edu/
Seven collections of primary sources for the study of Southern history,
literature, and culture:
Duke University Scriptorium - Digitized Collections
http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/
Several online collections of primary sources, most relating to American History.
ECHO Exploring and Collecting History Online
http://echo.gmu.edu/
directory to 5,000+ websites concerning the history of science,
technology, and industry, many with images
Ellis Island Foundation: The Immigrant Experience
http://www.ellisisland.org/Immexp/index.asp
The Emergence of Advertising in America: 1850 - 1920
http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/eaa/
presents over 9,000 images, with database information,
relating to the early history of advertising in
the United States. from the Rare Book, Manuscript, and
Special Collections Library at Duke University
eserver.org some primary sources
The EServer is an arts and humanities e-publishing co-op based
at Iowa State University.
First World War by Michael Duffy
http://www.firstworldwar.com/
Flickr Commons - List of
Participating Institutions
"The key goals of The Commons on Flickr are to firstly show you hidden treasures
in the world's public photography archives, and secondly to show how your input and
knowledge can help make these collections even richer."
George Eastman House Photography Collection
http://licensing.eastmanhouse.org/GEH/C.aspx?VP3=HRender_VPage
The photography collection includes more than 400,000 photographs
and negatives dating from the invention of photography to the present day.
Great Lakes Digital Collection from the Newberry Library
http://collections.carli.illinois.edu/cdm4/browse.php?CISOROOT=/nby_grlakes
This collection features nearly 550 images of Illinois and the Great Lakes
from the French period of exploration and settlement to the early 20th Century.
Historical Maps of the United States
from Perry-Castañeda Library, University of Texas Austin
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/histus.html
Historical Maps Online
from The University of Illinois Library & the University of Illinois Press
http://images.library.uiuc.edu/projects/maps/
History Matters
From the American Social History Project / Center for Media and
Learning (City University of New York, Graduate Center) and
the Center for History and New Media (George Mason University).
Web resources, teaching materials, and first-person primary
documents that focus on the lives of ordinary Americans.
http://historymatters.gmu.edu/
See the primary source collections here:
http://www.historymatters.gmu.edu/browse/manypasts/
Immigration to the United States, 1789–1930
http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/immigration/
From Harvard University Library. Books, manuscripts, maps, photographs, and other
historical materials that document voluntary immigration to the United States from
the ratification of the Constitution in 1789 to the Great Depression.
Internet Archive - Audio Archive
Contains over two hundred thousand free digital recordings
(audio and MP3 files) ranging from alternative news programming,
to Grateful Dead concerts, to Old Time Radio shows, to book and
poetry readings, to original music uploaded by our users.
Many of these audios and MP3s are available for free download.
Internet Archive Moving Image Collection
http://www.archive.org/movies/movies.php
Internet Archive Special Collections
several unusual collections
Including Dance Manuals, Cook Books and Home Economics,
Regional Oral History Office, US Government Documents, and
Prelinger Library, with collections of some 50,000 books,
periodical volumes and printed ephemera.
Jewish News Archive
from JTA - Jewish Telegraphic Agency
"Founded in 1917 to be a voice of and for the Jewish people at a time when news of what was happening to the Jews of Europe and Russia was hard to come by, JTA has been a primary source of English-language Jewish news on everything from Hitler’s rise -- the first JTA report about Hitler was printed on Jan. 30, 1923 -- to the struggle to free Soviet Jewry, the founding of Israel and the long arc of 20th-century American Jewish history."
Magazines on Google Books
90+ full text popular magazines.
Making of America
Primary sources in American social history from the antebellum period
through reconstruction, from the University of Michigan and Cornell University.
http://www.hti.umich.edu/m/moagrp/ (Michigan site)
http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/moa/ (Cornell site)
The Making of Modern Michigan
Browse the Collections
Statewide collaborative project of Michigan libraries; the
goal is to create a digital collection about the Michigan
history – including 20th century materials usually excluded
from library digitization projects.
MeL Michigana
LInks to several Michigan History projects online, from MeL, the Michigan Electronic Library
MIchigan County Histories and Atlases
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/micounty/
The Michigan County Histories and Atlases Digitization Project is comprised of 428 digitized titles (many composed of multiple volumes) published before 1923.
Moving Image Collections
http://gondolin.rutgers.edu/MIC/
MIC documents moving image collections around the world through
a catalog of titles and directory of repositories, providing a window
to the world’s moving image collections for discovery,
access and preservation. MIC is sponsored by the Library of Congress, the Association of Moving Image Archivists, and the National Science Foundation.
Moving Image Research Collections (MIRC)
http://www.sc.edu/library/mirc/
Beginning with the gift of the Fox Movietone News Collection in 1980,
archival holdings have grown to encompass a wide range of materials,
including local television news, home movies, micro-cinematographic nature films,
and, most recently, fiction and documentary films from the
People's Republic of China. From the University of South Carolina.
National Archives Archival Research Catalog - History Galleries
http://www.archives.gov/research/arc/topics/
The Archival Research Catalog (ARC) is the online catalog of
NARA's nationwide holdings in the Washington, DC area,
Regional Archives and Presidential Libraries. Some records have
a digital image or document.
National Museum of American History: Collections
http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/
A searchable and browsable part of the Smithsonian Institution's website that
features images of primary source objects.
National Public Radio's Lost and Found Sound
Audio artifacts in sound files
http://www.npr.org/programs/lnfsound/
National Security Archive
at George Washington University
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/index.html
The Archive collects and publishes declassified documents obtained through the
Freedom of Information Act. The Archive also serves as a repository of government
records on a wide range of topics pertaining to the national security, foreign,
intelligence, and economic policies of the United States.
New Deal Network
Photos and documents about the New Deal
http://newdeal.feri.org/
The Nineteenth Century in Print
from the Library of Congress
This collection presents twenty-three popular periodicals
digitized by Cornell University Library and the Preservation
Reformatting Division of the Library of Congress.
North American Indian Photographs from the Newberry Library
http://collections.carli.illinois.edu/cdm4/browse.php?CISOROOT=/nby_naip
The images in this collection were selected from
over 6,000 North American Indian photographs held in
the Newberry Library's world-renowned Edward E. Ayer Collection.
NYPL Digital Gallery
"NYPL Digital Gallery provides access to over 275,000 images digitized from
primary sources and printed rarities in the collections of The New York Public
Library, including illuminated manuscripts, historical maps, vintage posters,
rare prints and photographs, illustrated books, printed ephemera, and more.
The contents of this website are made available for individual
private study, scholarship and research only. Any other use,
including but not limited to any type of publication or commercial
use, is prohibited without the payment of usage fees and the
prior written permission of The New York Public Library as
well as any owners of rights in the materials, if applicable.
Regarding such permission, please contact the NYPL Photographic
Services & Permissions office for additional information."
(http://www.nypl.org/permissions/)
Picture History
Picture History is an on-line archive of images and film footage illuminating
more than 200 years of American history. Included in its holdings is the acclaimed
Meserve-Kunhardt Collection of 19th century photography as well as thousands
of images that have been researched and acquired by Kunhardt Productions for
use in historical documentaries over the past fifteen years. Picture History
is intended for the personal use of students, educators, scholars, and the
general public curious about the past.
Picturing the Century
http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/picturing_the_century/galleries/galleries.html
One Hundred years of Photography from the US National Archives
Prelinger Archives
Over 1,200 "ephemeral" films
(advertising, educational, industrial, and amateur)
made from 1927 through the present.
http://www.archive.org/movies/prelinger.php
Pulp Magazines Project Digital Archive
http://www.pulpmags.org/default.htm
"The Pulp Magazines Project is an open-access digital archive dedicated to the study and preservation of one of the twentieth century's most influential literary & artistic forms: the all-fiction pulpwood magazine. "
Science in the Nineteenth Century Periodical
a searchable electronic index to the science content of sixteen nineteenth-century general periodicals.
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture
The Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture is a
national research library devoted to collecting,
preserving and providing access to resources documenting the
experiences of peoples of African descent throughout the world.
Shorpy Historic Photo Archive
http://www.shorpy.com/
Shorpy.com is a vintage photography blog featuring thousands of
high-definition images from the 1850s to 1950s.
The site is named after Shorpy Higginbotham,
a teenage coal miner who lived 100 years ago.
Smithsonian Institution Collections
The Collections Search Center provides easy
"one-stop searching"
of more than 4 million of the Smithsonian's museum,
archives, library and research holdings and collections.
Smithsonian Institution Libraries Digital Library
Original documents and images on a wide range of topics.
http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/index.htm
Smithsonian Institution Libraries Current Exhibitions
Original documents and images on a wide range of topics.
http://www.si.edu/exhibitions
Smithsonian Images
http://smithsonianimages.si.edu/
Browse or search through selected images from the Collections of the Office of
Imaging and Photographic Services. Included are images from current exhibits,
Smithsonian events and historic collections.
State Digital Resources:
Memory Projects, Online Encyclopedias, Historical & Cultural Materials Collections
http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/statememory/
From the Library of Congress - links to state and regional
digital projects and collaborations.
Television Ads
from the 50's - 80's
Through the Lens of Time: Images of African Americans from the Cook Collection
http://dig.library.vcu.edu/cdm4/index_cook.php?CISOROOT=/cook
a digital collection of over 250 images of African Americans
dating from the nineteenth and early twentieth century,
selected from the George and Huestis Cook Photograph Collection at
the Valentine Richmond History Center.
US National Archives and Records Adminstration
http://www.archives.gov/index.html
And their Exhibit Hall
http://www.archives.gov/exhibit_hall/index.html
Links to
Primary Documents in the US National Archives
http://www.archives.gov/digital_classroom/teaching_with_documents.html
The Valley Project: Two Communities in the American Civil War
from the University of Virginia, Edward L. Ayers
http://valley.vcdh.virginia.edu/
Digital archive of primary sources documenting the lives of people
in Augusta County, Virginia, and Franklin County, Pennsylvania,
during the era of the American Civil War.
Vintage Ad Browser
This site aims to collect vintage ads from a variety of sources
and currently contains over 120,000 ads.
The Urban Landscape Digital Image Access Project
http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/diap/
White House Tapes
http://millercenter.org/academic/presidentialrecordings
"Between 1940 and 1973, six American presidents from both
political parties secretly recorded just under 5,000 hours
of conversations. This site is designed as a service to the
research community by making freely available all of the
presidential recordings, along with relevant research materials,
so that scholars, teachers, students, and the public can hear
and use these remarkable tapes for themselves.
The site is hosted and maintained by the Presidential Recordings Program
at the University of Virginia's Miller Center of Public Affairs."
Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement
http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/
The materials in this on-line archival collection document
various aspects of the Women's Liberation Movement in the United States,
and focus specifically on the radical origins of this movement
during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Items range from
radical theoretical writings to humourous plays to the minutes
of an actual grassroots group. From Duke University
Women Working, 1800 - 1930
http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/ww/
focuses on women's role in the United States economy and
provides access to digitized historical, manuscript, and
image resources selected from Harvard University's library and
museum collections. The collection features approximately
500,000 digitized pages and images.
Repositories and Archives of Primary Sources
Kalamazoo Local History Collections
http://www.kzoo.edu/is/library/local_history.html
Michigan Local Historical Societies
http://www.hsmichigan.org/resources/local-historical-organizations/
American Association for State and Local History
Resource links to many archives, museums, regional, and state history collections
County & Local Historical Links by State
from Dale Stenseth
http://www.stenseth.org/us/locallist.html
Links to State Historical Societies in the United States
from Dale Stenseth
http://www.stenseth.org/us/statehs.html
State Historical Societies in the United States
** to find County and Local Historical Societies,
first go to the State Historical Society for that State **
U.S. State Historical Societies & State Archives Directory from Joe Ryan
http://web.syr.edu/%7Ejryan/infopro/hs.html
U.S. State Historical Socities (excel file)
Directory of State Archives and Records Programs
from the Council of State Historical Records
http://www.coshrc.org/arc/states.htm
Primary Sources on the Web from the University of California at Berkeley Library
http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/PrimarySourcesOnTheWeb.html
Repositories of Primary Sources, Worldwide from the University of Idaho
http://www.uidaho.edu/special-collections/Other.Repositories.html
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